英语造句的常见错误主要有以下几类:
一、语法错误
主谓不一致
例如:“The book on the table are mine.”(桌子上的书是我的。)此句中主语 “The book” 是单数,谓语动词 “are” 应改为 “is”。
“He go to school by bike every day.”(他每天骑自行车去上学。)这里主语 “He” 是第三人称单数,谓语动词 “go” 应改为 “goes”。
时态错误
“I see him yesterday.”(我昨天看见他了。)此句中 “see” 应为过去式 “saw”,因为时间状语是 “yesterday”,表示过去的时间。
“He will goes to the park tomorrow.”(他明天将去公园。)这里 “will” 后面应跟动词原形,“goes” 应改为 “go”。
语态错误
“The letter was wrote by him.”(这封信是他写的。)正确的被动语态形式应为 “The letter was written by him.”,“write” 的过去分词是 “written”。
句子成分残缺
“Is raining outside.”(外面在下雨。)此句缺少主语 “It”,完整的句子应是 “It is raining outside.”。
“Went to the park but no one there.”(去了公园但那里没有人。)此句缺少谓语动词 “was”,可改为 “Went to the park but no one was there.”。
二、词汇错误
拼写错误
“I like eatting apples.”(我喜欢吃苹果。)“eatting” 应改为 “eating”,双写 “t” 是错误的拼写。
“He is very frendly.”(他非常友好。)“frendly” 应改为 “friendly”。
词性误用
“He runs quick.”(他跑得很快。)此句中 “quick” 是形容词,不能修饰动词 “runs”,应改为副词 “quickly”。
“I am interesting in English.”(我对英语感兴趣。)这里 “interesting” 是 “令人感兴趣的”,主语通常是物,而 “I” 是人,应改为 “interested”。
词义混淆
“I wear a shirt and a trouser.”(我穿了一件衬衫和一条裤子。)“trouser” 通常以复数形式 “trousers” 出现。
“He is good in math.”(他擅长数学。)这里 “good in” 应改为 “good at”,表示 “擅长于……”。
三、中式英语错误
逐字翻译
“I very like English.”(我非常喜欢英语。)正确的表达应为 “I like English very much.”,不能按照中文的语序逐字翻译。
“There have many books on the desk.”(桌子上有很多书。)此句应为 “There are many books on the desk.”,“有” 在英语中有不同的表达,不能直接用 “There have”。
逻辑错误
“I go to school because is raining.”(我去上学因为在下雨。)在逻辑上,下雨通常不是上学的原因,且句子结构也错误,可改为 “I go to school although it is raining.”(尽管在下雨我还是去上学。)
四、标点符号错误
缺失或误用标点
“He said I am happy”(他说我很快乐。)此句缺少引号,应改为 “He said, ‘I am happy.’”。
“I like apples bananas oranges.”(我喜欢苹果、香蕉、橘子。)这里缺少逗号分隔不同的事物,应改为 “I like apples, bananas, oranges.”。
句号与大写错误
“i went to the park yesterday it was very beautiful.”(我昨天去了公园,它非常美丽。)此句首字母 “i” 应大写为 “I”,且两个句子之间应加上句号,改为 “I went to the park yesterday. It was very beautiful.”。
一、简单句结构
主谓结构
例句:She smiles.(她微笑。)Birds fly.(鸟儿飞翔。)
这种结构由主语和谓语动词组成,表达最基本的动作或状态。
主谓宾结构
例句:I love music.(我爱音乐。)He reads books.(他读书。)
包含主语、谓语动词和宾语,宾语是动作的对象。
主系表结构
例句:She is beautiful.(她很漂亮。)The cake tastes delicious.(蛋糕尝起来很美味。)
由主语、系动词和表语组成,表语用来描述主语的状态或特征。
二、复合句结构
并列复合句
例句:I like apples, and he likes oranges.(我喜欢苹果,他喜欢橘子。)She is beautiful, but she is also intelligent.(她很漂亮,但她也很聪明。)
由两个或多个并列的简单句通过并列连词(如 and、but、or 等)连接而成。
主从复合句
(1)名词性从句
主语从句:What he said is true.(他说的话是真的。)
宾语从句:I know that he is a good student.(我知道他是一个好学生。)
表语从句:The problem is who can help us.(问题是谁能帮助我们。)
同位语从句:The news that he won the game made us happy.(他赢得比赛的消息让我们很高兴。)
(2)形容词性从句(定语从句)
例句:I know the man who is standing over there.(我认识站在那边的那个人。)
由关系代词(如 who、which、that 等)或关系副词(如 when、where、why 等)引导,修饰名词或代词。
(3)副词性从句(状语从句)
时间状语从句:When it rains, I stay at home.(下雨的时候,我待在家里。)
地点状语从句:Where there is a will, there is a way.(有志者事竟成。)
原因状语从句:Because he is ill, he can't come to school.(因为他生病了,所以他不能来上学。)
条件状语从句:If it is fine tomorrow, we will go on a picnic.(如果明天天气好,我们就去野餐。)
目的状语从句:He studies hard so that he can pass the exam.(他努力学习以便能通过考试。)
结果状语从句:He is so tired that he can't walk any more.(他如此累以至于不能再走了。)
让步状语从句:Although he is young, he knows a lot.(虽然他很年轻,但他知道很多。)
三、特殊句型
强调句型
例句:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分。
It was yesterday that I met him.(是昨天我遇见了他。)强调时间状语 “yesterday”。
It is he who helped me.(是他帮助了我。)强调主语 “he”。
倒装句型
(1)完全倒装
例句:Here comes the bus.(公交车来了。)
表示方位的副词(如 here、there、now、then 等)或介词短语位于句首时,句子要完全倒装,即把谓语动词提到主语前面。
(2)部分倒装
例句:Never have I seen such a beautiful place.(我从未见过如此美丽的地方。)
否定副词(如 never、seldom、hardly、little 等)或表示否定意义的介词短语位于句首时,句子要部分倒装,即把助动词、be 动词或情态动词提到主语前面。
感叹句型
例句:What a beautiful flower it is!(这是一朵多么美丽的花啊!)
How beautiful the flower is!(这朵花多么美丽啊!)
感叹句由 what 或 how 引导,what 修饰名词,how 修饰形容词、副词或动词。